When facing a breast cancer diagnosis, the journey can feel overwhelming, especially when it comes to understanding the various treatment options. One common treatment is radiation therapy. Here, we'll break down what radiation therapy is and what you can expect during this phase of treatment.
What is Radiation Therapy?
Radiation therapy is a treatment that uses high-energy rays or particles to target and destroy cancer cells. It's often used after surgery to reduce the risk of cancer returning to the breast, chest wall, or lymph nodes. The goal is to target any remaining cancer cells that may not have been removed during surgery.
How Does Radiation Therapy Work?
Radiation therapy works by damaging the DNA inside cancer cells, making it impossible for them to grow and divide. Over time, these damaged cells die off, and the body naturally eliminates them. Healthy cells can also be affected, but they have a better ability to repair themselves compared to cancer cells.
Types of Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer
1. External Beam Radiation: This is the most common type, where a machine directs radiation beams at the cancer-affected area. It's typically given five days a week for several weeks.
2. Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy): This involves placing a radioactive source inside the body, directly in or near the tumor site. It's usually given over a shorter period than external radiation.
What to Expect During Radiation Therapy
Before Treatment
- Planning Session: Before starting radiation therapy, you'll have a planning session called a "simulation." During this session, your radiation team will determine the precise area to target. You might have a CT scan, and small marks may be made on your skin to guide the radiation beams.
During Treatment
- Sessions: Radiation therapy is usually an outpatient procedure. Each session is quick, typically lasting about 15-30 minutes. The actual radiation exposure only takes a few minutes.
- Procedure: You'll lie on a table in a specific position, and the radiation machine will move around you to deliver the treatment. The process is painless, and you'll be alone in the room, but the team can always see and hear you.
After Treatment
- Side Effects: Common side effects include fatigue, skin changes (like a sunburn), and swelling in the treated area. Most side effects are temporary and can be managed with the help of your healthcare team.
- Long-term Effects: In some cases, radiation can cause long-term changes, such as changes in breast size or texture. Rarely, it can lead to more serious side effects, such as heart or lung issues, depending on the area treated.
Tips for Managing Side Effects
- Skin Care: Use gentle, fragrance-free soaps, and moisturizers on the treated area. Avoid hot showers and harsh fabrics that may irritate the skin.
- Rest: Fatigue is common, so listen to your body and rest as needed. Light exercise, like walking, can help boost energy levels.
- Nutrition: Maintain a balanced diet to support your body’s healing process. Staying hydrated is also crucial.
Staying Positive During Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy can be a challenging time, both physically and emotionally. It's important to reach out for support—whether from family, friends, or support groups. Remember, this treatment is a powerful tool in reducing the risk of cancer recurrence.
Final Thoughts
Radiation therapy is a key component in the treatment of breast cancer, designed to target and eliminate remaining cancer cells. By understanding what to expect, you can approach this treatment with greater confidence and prepare for the side effects that may arise. Always communicate with your healthcare team about how you're feeling during treatment, and don't hesitate to seek support when needed. You are not alone on this journey.
If you have any questions or would like to share your experiences, feel free to leave a comment below.
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